> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.harubuilds.dev/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.harubuilds.dev/ci-cd/ji-ben-gai-nian.md).

# 基本概念

* 預設必須使用的檔案名稱：`.gitlab-ci.yml`
* 主要結構
  * **stages**：決定執行的順序，可以自行定義各階段名稱，常見的有 build, test, deploy
  * **jobs**：在每個階段要執行的任務內容 (必須註明吻合的階段名稱)，同一個 stage 的 jobs 會同時執行。
  * **script**：定義 Job 的執行指令，不一定只有一條指令，它通常是一組 shell command。
* Pipeline 觸發的方式：push, merge request, schedule, ... etc.
* **Runner**：執行 pipeline 的 agent，當 pipeline 被觸發，就會去領取 GitLab 準備好的 job 開始執行。
* Variables：有 GitLab 提供的變數，也可以有自定義的變數。
* Expression：分為一般的 expression，和需要 `$[[]]` 的 inputs expression。一般 expression 用於評估 CI/CD variables；inputs expression 用於引用 CI/CD inputs。\
  \
  variable expression

  ```yml
  rules:
    - if: '$CI_COMMIT_BRANCH == "main"'
  ```

  \
  inputs expression

  ```yml
  spec:
    inputs:
      environment:
        default: staging

  deploy:
    script:
      - deploy $[[ inputs.environment ]]
  ```
* **Components (Templates)**：可重複使用的 CI/CD 設定模組（template）。把常用的內容分離成一個單獨的 `yml` 檔案，在不同專案的 `.gitlab-ci.yml` 都可以用 include 引入使用。\
  \
  components/deploy.yml

  ```yml
  spec:
    inputs:
      environment:
        default: staging

  deploy:
    stage: deploy
    script:
      - deploy $[[ inputs.environment ]]
  ```

  \
  其他專案

  ```yml
  include:
    - component: my-group/deploy@v1
      inputs:
        environment: production
  ```


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